TY - RPRT
TI - Remote Measurements of Ocean-Going Vessel Fuel Sulfur Content
AU - Lynch, C
AB - The project builds on prior extensive work conducted in Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) to monitor the sulfur content in the fuel burned by Ocean-Going Vessels (OGV’s) as well as on prior work at the University of California Riverside (UCR) to test and evaluate means to verify air quality regulatory practices in the maritime sector. Four systems to measure fuel sulfur content (FSC) were tried out – two of which are remote sensing systems. Essential data was collected in August 2022 on a container vessel (Gerner Maersk) operating in California waters under controlled conditions. Measurements were taken over a full day while the Gerner Maersk first ran on low sulfur marine distillate fuel (>0.1% S), then on higher sulfur fuel (.0.5% S) – and finally back to low sulfur marine distillate fuel. The three on board FSC measurement systems were: (i) Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with a customized gas sensor box, (ii) portable hyperspectral camera, and (iii) direct stack raw gas sampling and quantification. These systems were operated at the same time. The respective FSC results were compared to the standard method (bench X ray fluorescence (XRF) method, ISO 8754) now practiced by CARB. A fourth measurement system (e.g., Hitachi portable XRF instrument) was tested a week later. First – this was a verification project. Although the enforcement aspect was secondary – its results can inform policy makers at international, federal, state, and regional level – as to facilitate if and when appropriate – the adoption of one or more novel methods for more comprehensive monitoring of FSC regulations in Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) – including California waters (where the California OGV Fuel Regulation applies). CARB requires OGV’s to use distillate fuels (> 0.1% S) such as a marine gas oil (MGO) within 24 nautical miles of California coastline. At CARB’s request – additional work was conducted to verify the “distillate” requirement in its regulation.
DA - 2023/02//
PY - 2023
SP - 107
PB - University of California Riverside
UR - https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/Gerner_Maersk_Final_Report.pdf
LA - English
KW - Unspecified Feedstock
KW - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
KW - Marine Gas Oil (MGO)
KW - Unspecified Pathway
KW - Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Air Emissions
KW - Engine Testing and Performance
KW - Ocean-going Vessels
ER -