Journal Article
Title: Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea
Affiliation:
Publication Date:
Journal:
Environmental Science & Technology
Volume:
43
Issue:
13
Pages:
4626-4640
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Fuels Group:
Fuel Blends Mentioned?
Yes
Feedstocks Group:
Pathways Group:
Vessel Segment:
Language:
English
Document Access
Website:
Citation
APA
Murphy, S.; Agrawal, H.; Sorooshian, A.; Padro, L.; Gates, H.; Hersey, S.; Welch, W.; Jung, H.; Miller, J.; Cocker, D.; Nenes, A.; Jonsson, H.; Flagan, R.; Seinfeld, J. (2009). Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(13), 4626-4640.https://doi.org/10.1021/es802413j
BibTex
@article{Murphy-2009-3992,
author = {Murphy, S and Agrawal, H and Sorooshian, A and Padro, L and Gates, H and Hersey, S and Welch, W and Jung, H and Miller, J and Cocker, D and Nenes, A and Jonsson, H and Flagan, R and Seinfeld, J},
title = {Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea},
journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},
year = {2009},
month = {feb},
publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
volume = {43},
number = {13},
pages = {4626--4640},
doi = {10.1021/es802413j},
url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es703102y},
keywords = {Fossil-derived Hydrocarbons, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Unspecified Pathway, Engine Testing and Performance, Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Air Emissions, Ocean-going Vessels},
}
author = {Murphy, S and Agrawal, H and Sorooshian, A and Padro, L and Gates, H and Hersey, S and Welch, W and Jung, H and Miller, J and Cocker, D and Nenes, A and Jonsson, H and Flagan, R and Seinfeld, J},
title = {Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea},
journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},
year = {2009},
month = {feb},
publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
volume = {43},
number = {13},
pages = {4626--4640},
doi = {10.1021/es802413j},
url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es703102y},
keywords = {Fossil-derived Hydrocarbons, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Unspecified Pathway, Engine Testing and Performance, Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Air Emissions, Ocean-going Vessels},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea
AU - Murphy, S
AU - Agrawal, H
AU - Sorooshian, A
AU - Padro, L
AU - Gates, H
AU - Hersey, S
AU - Welch, W
AU - Jung, H
AU - Miller, J
AU - Cocker, D
AU - Nenes, A
AU - Jonsson, H
AU - Flagan, R
AU - Seinfeld, J
T2 - Environmental Science & Technology
AB - We report the first joint shipboard and airborne study focused on the chemical composition and water-uptake behavior of particulate ship emissions. The study focuses on emissions from the main propulsion engine of a Post-Panamax class container ship cruising off the central coast of California and burning heavy fuel oil. Shipboard sampling included micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDI) with subsequent off-line analysis, whereas airborne measurements involved a number of real-time analyzers to characterize the plume aerosol, aged from a few seconds to over an hour. The mass ratio of particulate organic carbon to sulfate at the base of the ship stack was 0.23 +/- 0.03, and increased to 0.30 +/- 0.01 in the airborne exhaust plume, with the additional organic mass in the airborne plume being concentrated largely in particles below 100 nm in diameter. The organic to sulfate mass ratio in the exhaust aerosol remained constant during the first hour of plume dilution into the marine boundary layer. The mass spectrum of the organic fraction of the exhaust aerosol strongly resembles that of emissions from other diesel sources and appears to be predominantly hydrocarbon-like organic (HOA) material. Background aerosol which, based on air mass back trajectories, probably consisted of aged ship emissions and marine aerosol, contained a lower organic mass fraction than the fresh plume and had a much more oxidized organic component. A volume-weighted mixing rule is able to accurately predict hygroscopic growth factors in the background aerosol but measured and calculated growth factors do not agree for aerosols in the ship exhaust plume. Calculated CCN concentrations, at supersaturations ranging from 0.1 to 0.33%, agree well with measurements in the ship-exhaust plume. Using size-resolved chemical composition instead of bulk submicrometer composition has little effect on the predicted CCN concentrations because the cutoff diameter for CCN activation is larger than the diameter where the mass fraction of organic aerosol begins to increase significantly. The particle number emission factor estimated from this study is 1.3 x 10(16) (kg fuel)(-1), with less than 1/10 of the particles having diameters above 100 nm; 24% of particles (>10 nm in diameter) activate into cloud droplets at 0.3% supersaturation.
DA - 2009/02//
PY - 2009
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
VL - 43
IS - 13
SP - 4626
EP - 4640
UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es703102y
DO - 10.1021/es802413j
LA - English
KW - Fossil-derived Hydrocarbons
KW - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
KW - Unspecified Pathway
KW - Engine Testing and Performance
KW - Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Air Emissions
KW - Ocean-going Vessels
ER -
TI - Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea
AU - Murphy, S
AU - Agrawal, H
AU - Sorooshian, A
AU - Padro, L
AU - Gates, H
AU - Hersey, S
AU - Welch, W
AU - Jung, H
AU - Miller, J
AU - Cocker, D
AU - Nenes, A
AU - Jonsson, H
AU - Flagan, R
AU - Seinfeld, J
T2 - Environmental Science & Technology
AB - We report the first joint shipboard and airborne study focused on the chemical composition and water-uptake behavior of particulate ship emissions. The study focuses on emissions from the main propulsion engine of a Post-Panamax class container ship cruising off the central coast of California and burning heavy fuel oil. Shipboard sampling included micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDI) with subsequent off-line analysis, whereas airborne measurements involved a number of real-time analyzers to characterize the plume aerosol, aged from a few seconds to over an hour. The mass ratio of particulate organic carbon to sulfate at the base of the ship stack was 0.23 +/- 0.03, and increased to 0.30 +/- 0.01 in the airborne exhaust plume, with the additional organic mass in the airborne plume being concentrated largely in particles below 100 nm in diameter. The organic to sulfate mass ratio in the exhaust aerosol remained constant during the first hour of plume dilution into the marine boundary layer. The mass spectrum of the organic fraction of the exhaust aerosol strongly resembles that of emissions from other diesel sources and appears to be predominantly hydrocarbon-like organic (HOA) material. Background aerosol which, based on air mass back trajectories, probably consisted of aged ship emissions and marine aerosol, contained a lower organic mass fraction than the fresh plume and had a much more oxidized organic component. A volume-weighted mixing rule is able to accurately predict hygroscopic growth factors in the background aerosol but measured and calculated growth factors do not agree for aerosols in the ship exhaust plume. Calculated CCN concentrations, at supersaturations ranging from 0.1 to 0.33%, agree well with measurements in the ship-exhaust plume. Using size-resolved chemical composition instead of bulk submicrometer composition has little effect on the predicted CCN concentrations because the cutoff diameter for CCN activation is larger than the diameter where the mass fraction of organic aerosol begins to increase significantly. The particle number emission factor estimated from this study is 1.3 x 10(16) (kg fuel)(-1), with less than 1/10 of the particles having diameters above 100 nm; 24% of particles (>10 nm in diameter) activate into cloud droplets at 0.3% supersaturation.
DA - 2009/02//
PY - 2009
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
VL - 43
IS - 13
SP - 4626
EP - 4640
UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es703102y
DO - 10.1021/es802413j
LA - English
KW - Fossil-derived Hydrocarbons
KW - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
KW - Unspecified Pathway
KW - Engine Testing and Performance
KW - Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Air Emissions
KW - Ocean-going Vessels
ER -