Skip to main content

Fuels for the Marine Sector

Abstract

This presentation examines pathways to decarbonize the marine sector through alternative fuels, using Argonne National Laboratory’s R&D GREET modeling framework to evaluate life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, criteria air pollutants, water use, and techno-economic performance. A wide range of fossil, bio-based, waste-derived, electrofuel, and hydrogen-derived marine fuels—including bio-oils, methanol, LNG, ethanol, ammonia, and Fischer–Tropsch fuels—are assessed on a consistent well-to-wake basis. Results show that multiple biofuel and e-fuel pathways can achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions relative to conventional marine fuels, in some cases exceeding 70% and approaching net-negative emissions, though costs, feedstock availability, infrastructure needs, and fuel properties remain key constraints. The analysis highlights tradeoffs among emissions, cost, scalability, and operational feasibility, underscoring the need for multiple fuel pathways and continued industry experience to support maritime decarbonization at scale.