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Oceans of opportunity: Supplying green methanol and ammonia at ports

Abstract

While the potential cost and performance of green methanol and ammonia are the subject of significant industry research and demonstration activities, there are large uncertainties around their availability. These uncertainties have been highlighted by shipowners and operators as obstacles to investment in zero-emission ships. To help provide greater clarity about the availability of green methanol and ammonia, this study explores where these fuels may come from, whether there will be enough, what their full cost will be, and what must be done by when to ensure their availability by 2030, to meet the fuel uptake targets set by the IMO for this time. Focus is placed on ports and the bunkering ecosystem centered around them, as the actors best positioned to unlock the supply of new fuels.